EXASUB

  • How Integer and Floating point numbers are stored in computers

    The number has two parts.

    1. Integer Part
    2. Fraction Part

    Integers are numbers without the fraction part.
    They can range from negative infinity to positive infinity.
    Integers are further divided into two parts.

    1. Unsigned number (0 to (2^n – 1); here n = width of data bus)
    2. Signed Numbers ((-2^(n-1)) to (2^n – 1))

    Fractional numbers or Floating Point numbers are stored in a standard format known as IEEE 754.
    IEEE 754 Floating-Point Standard comes in three different modes.

    1. Single precision Format (32 bits)
    2. Double-precision format


  • Convert Hexadecimal number to Octal Number

    Convert the number into its binary equivalence first and the make group of three digits starting from LSB and moving towards the MSB. Then you have to write the just convert the group into an octal number which will easy.

  • Why does zero divided by zero tends to infinity?

  • Hexadecimal Number System

    In this video, I have told about the hexadecimal number system. The hexadecimal number system is widely used in electronic computer systems to represent the number systems. I have also described that we can represent fractions in the hexadecimal number system also.

  • Octal Number System

    In the octal Number system, we start counting from 0 which goes up to 7. Making only 8 digits. Then after 7, we start by incrementing 1 to the tenth place and start counting from 0 up to 17.

    In the video, I have described what the octal number system is and how we can convert the octal number to decimal numbers.

    Just like we have fractions in decimals like 1.234, 3.9864 etc. we also have fractions in the octal number system as well like 7741.2225, 12345.654 etc.

  • Binary Number System

    In a binary number system, there are only two possible states, HIGH state and LOW state.
    These two states can be represented by current levels, voltage levels, bumps and valleys on the surface of CD/DVD etc.

    The two states are generally represented by a ‘0’ for LOW state and by a ‘1’ for the HIGH state.

    Using the combination of 0’s(LOW) and 1’s(HIGH), we can represent the other number systems such as hexadecimal, octal or decimal into
    binary number system.

    Bit Nibble Byte Word Dword Qword

  • Decimal Number System

  • Capacitor Time Constant=RC or Charging Time

    In this video, the time constant for the capacitor is calculated.

    Time Constant is denoted by the symbol tau τ

    τ = R*C

    Where R = value of the resistor

    and C = value of capacitor

  • Capacitor ESR

    A real capacitor has a series resistance which is due to the imperfect manufacturing process and also because of the cost regulations.

    lower ESR = Better Capcitor = Higher Cost

    A lower ESR capacitor is better but the manufacturing cost will also be on the higher side. So, there is a compromise made between ESR and cost.

  • Arm Based Microcontrollers

    At the time of writing this article ARM-based microcontroller means the microcontroller which uses a 32-bit RISC processor design from ARM holdings.

    Presently ARM Cortex-M series of processor cores are being integrated into microcontrollers.

    The ARM-Cortex M family comprises the following processors.

    • Cortex-M0
    • Cortex-M0+
    • Cortex-M1
    • Cortex-M3
    • Cortex-M4
    • Cortex-M7
    • Cortex-M23
    • Cortex-M33
    • Cortex-M35P
    • Cortex-M55

    The Cortex-M4 / M7 / M33 / M35P / M55 cores also have a hardware-based floating-point unit. The addition of a Floating point unit adds the capabilities for digital signal processing.

    To see a list of ARM-based microcontrollers.

    Keil.com has a great list that has almost all the major microcontrollers out in the market and is supported by the Keil IDE.

    https://www.keil.com/dd/chips//arm.htm

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